The Lost Love - A Story For The Future Generation

Today let us discuss about two eternal love stories. One story is based on a rich ruler and the other is based on poor man who lives in poverty- thus he have no fame or never his story went to people. He infact never got any publicity or nobody care to rethink about him.

THE TAJ MAHAL & DASHRAT MAJHI

I KNOW YOU OBVIOUSLY THINKING ABOUT TAJ MAHAL AND ITS BEAUTY. NO DOUBT ABOUT IT THAT IT IS LISTED IN THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD AND HAS A GREAT POPULARITY.

BUT WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER......?? WHAT ABOUT DASRAT MAJHI...??

suppose if i ask you to think of an individual who is an greatest donater to mankind, society or for the sake of other human being, i am pretty much sure that you will be thinking of any millionaire or billionaire... and his million dollar donation or maybe of any donater who donated for oldage homes, orphanage etc. or maybe you are thinking of someone who donated millions on any charity or in the name of god etc etc....

But what if i say that today i will be telling you a story of a man who did something, that no other men in the world could even dare to think also. Its something that you cant even imagine to do and most importantly it was did for the sake of helping others, humanity & love. Now maybe you are getting a bit interested here, hmmm what if i say that the man i am talking about is not a millionaire but a poor labour... who hardly earns his 2 times meal...

After reading this i am sure that you will be forced to change your view. SO lets begin with the world famous taj mahal.

TAJ MAHAL

The Taj Mahal (/ˈtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/ often /ˈtɑːʒ/;, from Persian and Arabic, "crown of palaces", pronounced [ˈt̪aːdʒ mɛˈɦɛl]; also "the Taj" is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer.
In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess, died during the birth of their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. The court chronicles of Shah Jahan's grief illustrate the love story traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal. The principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later. Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the Taj in these words:

Should guilty seek asylum here,
Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin.
Should a sinner make his way to this mansion,
All his past sins are to be washed away.
The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs;
And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes.
In this world this edifice has been made;
To display thereby the creator's glory.


Throughout the complex, passages from the Qur'an are used as decorative elements. Recent scholarship suggests that the passages were chosen by Amanat Khan.

The texts refer to themes of judgment and include:

Surah 36 – Ya Sin
Surah 39 – Az-Zumar The Crowds
Surah 48 – Al-Fath Victory
Surah 67 – Al-Mulk Dominion
Surah 77 – Al-Mursalat Those Sent Forth
Surah 81 – At-Takwir The Folding Up
Surah 82 – Al-Infitar The Cleaving Asunder
Surah 84 – Al-Inshiqaq The Rending Asunder
Surah 89 – Al-Fajr Daybreak
Surah 91 – Ash-Shams The Sun
Surah 93 – Ad-Dhuha Morning Light
Surah 94 – Al-Inshirah The Solace
Surah 95 – At-Teen The Fig
Surah 98 – Al-Bayyinah The Evidence
Surah 112 – Al-Ikhlas The Purity of Faith

Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decoration of graves. Hence, the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan were put in a relatively plain crypt beneath the inner chamber with their faces turned right and towards Mecca. Mumtaz Mahal's cenotaph is placed at the precise centre of the inner chamber on a rectangular marble base of 1.5 by 2.5 metres (4 ft 11 in by 8 ft 2 in).

Both the base and casket are elaborately inlaid with precious and semiprecious gems. Calligraphic inscriptions on the casket identify and praise Mumtaz. On the lid of the casket is a raised rectangular lozenge meant to suggest a writing tablet. Shah Jahan's cenotaph is beside Mumtaz's to the western side, and is the only visible asymmetric element in the entire complex. His cenotaph is bigger than his wife's, but reflects the same elements: a larger casket on a slightly taller base, again decorated with astonishing precision with lapidary and calligraphy that identifies him. On the lid of this casket is a traditional sculpture of a small pen box.

The pen box and writing tablet were traditional Mughal funerary icons decorating the caskets of men and women respectively. The Ninety Nine Names of God are found as calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the actual tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, in the crypt including "O Noble, O Magnificent, O Majestic, O Unique, O Eternal, O Glorious... ". The tomb of Shah Jahan bears a calligraphic inscription that reads; "He travelled from this world to the banquet-hall of Eternity on the night of the twenty-sixth of the month of Rajab, in the year 1076 Hijri."

NOW SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT TAJ MAHAL WHICH IS KNOWN BY LESS PEOPLE OR WE NEVER FOCUSED ON SUCH FACTS. LET US READ IT.

Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in the center of Agra in exchange for the land.
An area of roughly three acres was excavated, filled with dirt to reduce seepage, and levelled at 50 metres (160 ft) above riverbank. In the tomb area, wells were dug and filled with stone and rubble to form the footings of the tomb. Instead of lashed bamboo, workmen constructed a colossal brick scaffold that mirrored the tomb. The scaffold was so enormous that foremen estimated it would take years to dismantle.
According to the legend, Shah Jahan decreed that anyone could keep the bricks taken from the scaffold, and thus it was dismantled by peasants overnight. A fifteen kilometre (9.3 mi) tamped-earth ramp was built to transport marble and materials to the construction site and teams of twenty or thirty oxen pulled the blocks on specially constructed wagons.

The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab, and gateway. Since the complex was built in stages, discrepancies exist in completion dates due to differing opinions on "completion". For example, the mausoleum itself was essentially complete by 1643, but work continued on the rest of the complex.

Estimates of the cost of construction vary due to difficulties in estimating costs across time. The total cost has been estimated to be about 32 million Rupees at that time.

The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia and over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials. The translucent white marble was brought from Makrana, Rajasthan, the jasper from Punjab,jade and crystal from China. The turquoise was from Tibet and the Lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, while the sapphire came from Sri Lanka and the carnelian from Arabia. In all, twenty eight types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid into the white marble.

A labour force of twenty thousand workers was recruited across northern India. Sculptors from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and Persia, inlayers from southern India, stonecutters from Baluchistan, a specialist in building turrets, another who carved only marble flowers were part of the thirty-seven men who formed the creative unit.

Some of the builders involved in construction of Taj Mahal are:
Ismail Afandi (a.k.a. Ismail Khan) - had previously worked for the Ottoman Sultan and is regarded by some as the designer of the main dome.
Ustad Isa, born either in Shiraz, Ottoman Empire or Agra – credited with a key role in the architectural design and main dome.
'Puru' from Benarus, Persia – has been mentioned as a supervising architect.
Qazim Khan, a native of Lahore – cast the solid gold finial.
Chiranjilal, a lapidary from Delhi – the chief sculptor and mosaicist.
Amanat Khan from Shiraz, Iran – the chief calligrapher.
Muhammad Hanif – a supervisor of masons.
Mir Abdul Karim and Mukkarimat Khan of Shiraz – handled finances and management of daily production.

NOW SOME MORE INTERESTING FACTS TO KNOW. LETS READ. 

According to one gruesome (and most likely sensational) story, Shah Jahan had his minions cut off the hands of the Taj Mahal's architect and his workers after the structure was completed, ensuring they would never build another of its kind.

Shah Jahan (January 1592 – 22 January 1666) was the fifth Mughal Emperor of India.

Born as Prince Khurram, he was the son of Emperor Jahangir and his Hindu Rajput wife, Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani (13 May 1573 – 18 April 1619). While young, Khurram was the favourite of his legendary grandfather, the third Mughal emperor Akbar.

Unlike his father and his grandfather, Shah Jahan was a pious Muslim. Upon his accession, he adopted new policies which steadfastly reversed Akbar's generally liberal treatment of non-Muslims. In 1633, his sixth regnal year, Shah Jahan began to impose Sharia provisions against construction or repair of churches and temples and subsequently ordered the demolitions of newly built Hindu temples. He celebrated Islamic festivals with great pomp and grandeur and with an enthusiasm unfamiliar to his predecessors. Long-dormant royal interest in the Holy Cities also revived during his reign. 

Born on 5 January 1592, Shah ab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram which was Shah Jahan's birth name, was the third son born to Emperor Jahangir, his mother was a Rajput princess from Marwar called Princess Manmati – her official name in Mughal chronicles being Bilquis Makani.

In 1607, shah jahan was engaged to Arjumand Banu Begum – when they were 15 and 14 years old, respectively.

WIVES OF SHAH JAHAN: 

Akbarabadi Mahal (d. 1677),

Kandahari Mahal (b. 1594,

m. 1609) Mumtaz Mahal (b. 1593, m. 1612, d. 1631),

Hasina Begum Sahiba (m. 1617),

Muti Begum Sahiba, Qudsia Begum Sahiba, Fatehpuri Mahal, Sahiba (d. after 1666),

Sarhindi Begum Sahiba (d. after 1650),

Shrimati Manbhavathi Baiji Lal,Sahiba (m. 1626)

SHAH JAHAN & MUMTAZ HAD fourteen children, out of whom 7 survived into adulthood. In addition, Khurram had two children from his first two wives.

Mumtaz Mahal died, aged 40, while giving birth to Gauhara Begum in Burhanpur (THEIR 14TH CHILD), the cause of death being Postpartum hemorrhage, which caused considerable blood-loss after a painful labour of thirty hours.

Contemporary historians note that Princess Jahanara, aged 17, was so distressed by her mother's pain that she started distributing gems to the poor, hoping for divine intervention.

Her death had a profound impact on Shah Jahan's personality and inspired the construction of the Taj Mahal, where she was later reburied. 

AFTER MUMTAZ DIED, The intervening years had seen SHAH JAHAN take two other wives, Akbarabadi Mahal (d.1677), and Kandahari Mahal (b. c1594), (m.1609).

Soon after the Taj Mahal's completion, Shah Jahan was deposed by his OWN son Aurangzeb and put under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort. Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his wife.

The Taj Mahal attracts a large number of tourists. UNESCO documented more than 2 million visitors in 2001, including more than 200,000 from overseas. 

      

  

A two tier pricing system is in place, with a significantly lower entrance fee for Indian citizens and a more expensive one for foreigners.

   

Lists of recommended travel destinations often feature the Taj Mahal, which also appears in several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll with 100 million votes.

Entrance Fee:
Citizens of India and visitors of SAARC (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives and Afghanistan) and BIMSTEC Countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar) - Rs. 10 per head.

Others:
Rs. 250/- per head (ASI);
Rs. 500/- per head as Toll Tax (Agra Development Authority)
Rs. 500/- ticket of ADA is valid for the monuments of Agra Fort, Itimadi-ud-daula, Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandara and Fatehpur Sikri
(children up to 15 years free)

Fee for night viewing

Citizens of India
The night viewing tickets of Taj Mahal can be purchased from the Booking Counter located in the office of Archaeological Survey of India, Agra Circle, 22 The Mall, Agra, Uttar Pradesh in between 10-00 am to 6-00 p.m. one day in advance of the date of night viewing. The night viewing ticket can be cancelled in the Booking counter of ASI at 22 The Mall, Agra on the same date of viewing upto 1.00 p.m.with cancellation charge of 25% of the ticket.

Rate of Night Viewing Ticket: Indian (Adult)- Rs 510/-; Foreigner (Adult)- Rs 750/- and Children ( 3Yrs to 15 Years age)- Rs. 500/-.


WOW... ISN'T THAT GREAT. I KNOW YOU LOVE WHAT YOU READ.
ANYWAYS OTHER LINKS TO READ IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN TAJ MAHAL.

http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/shah_jahan.html
http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agratajmahal.asp
http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agratajmahal_night.asp
http://www.nation.com.pk/columns/02-Nov-2013/it-was-never-love
http://www.qatarliving.com/qatar-living-lounge/posts/mumtaj-mahal-amazing-facts

ANYWAYS LETS MOVE FURTHER AND READ OUR NEXT LOVE STORY.

DASRAT MAJHI

THE LOVE STORY OF THE POOR.

FEW THINGS ARE SAME AS DASRAT MAJHI'S WIFE ALSO DIED AND HE DID SOMETHING FOR HIS WIFE AND CAUGHT THE ATTENTION OF MILLIONS. THIS POOR MAN DOESN'T HAD ENOUGH MONEY TO BUILD A TAJ MAHAL IN THE MEMORY OF HER LOVING WIFE. IN FACT HE DID SOMETHING.... THAT NO MAN COULD EVEN THINK HE CAN ABLE TO DO. LETS READ...

 

Dashrath Manjhi (c. 1934 – 17 August 2007) was born into a poor labourer family in Gehlaur village, near Gaya in Bihar, India. He is known as "Mountain Man" for CARVING a PATH through a MOUNTAIN in the Gehlour hills so that his village could have easier access to medical attention after his wife died from a lack thereof.

Being illiterate, there seemed little option left for him but to spend his life working in the fields. He started working in the fields near a hill which rose on one side of his village. To cross the mountain, one had to traverse a narrow and treacherous pass. Dashrath Manjhi was born in to a poor labourer family of Gahlour village near Gaya, Bihar. In 1967, Dashrath Majhi's wife, Falguni Devi was injured and needed immediate medical attention. Unfortunately, the nearest town with a doctor was located 70 km away, as he had to travel around the Gehlour mountain hills; as a result, his wife died from the lack of timely medical treatment. Dashrath was taken aback with the loss of his wife. He realized that his village was situated in the lap of rocky hills and so the villagers would often face lot of trouble crossing the small distance between Atri and Wazirganj blocks of Gaya town. Given this to consider, Dashrath then committed himself to manually producing a shorter route. This was done in hopes of potentially limiting or preventing the outcome he and his wife suffered.

 

Dashrath Majhi carved a path 360-foot-long (110 m) through-cut, 25-foot-deep (7.6 m) in places and 30-foot-wide (9.1 m) to form a road through a mountain in the Gehlour hills, working day and night for 22 years from 1960 to 1982. 

His feat reduced the distance between the Atri and Wazirganj blocks of the Gaya district from 70 km to 15 km, bringing him national acclaim. Although, one would expect people to jump in and help someone working for the entire community, but at first, people ridiculed him and called him mad for taking such a herculean task. This strengthened his resolve; ” When I started hammering the hill, people called me a lunatic but that steeled my resolve“. but as time went by, the unfazed farmer continued to split the troublesome hill in half, he started getting some help. "Though most villagers taunted me at first, there were quite a few who lent me support later by giving me food and helping me buy my tools," he remembered. Now all the people of Gaya district have nothing but gratitude of the "Mountain Man" who single-handedly made their lives so much easier.

 

For his glorious feat, this Bihari old man became popularly known as the 'Mountain Man', but he died on 17 August 2007 at the age of 80, while suffering from gall bladder cancer in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The mountain man was given a state funeral by the Government of Bihar. Later, Nitish Kumar, the Chief Minister of Bihar proposed to build a 3 km metalled road from Gahlaur to Amethi, naming the project as Dasrath Manjhi Road. A hospital in his name is also proposed for serving the villagers. 

Noted filmmaker Ketan Mehta portrayed this mountain man Dashrath Manjhi as the poor man's Shah Jahan (Taj Mahal). The Bihar government also proposed Dashrath Manjhi's name for the Padma Shree award in 2006 in social service sector.

 

In July 2010, director Manish Jha announced a film, Manjhi, based on the life of Dashrath Manjhi. Dashrath Manjhi while on his deathbed, in ICU, had put his thumb impression on an agreement, giving away "exclusive rights" to make a film on his life. The film is produced by Sanjay Singh, who previously produced Udaan (2010). 

Nawazuddin Siddiqui has been cast in the lead role in the film 'Mountain Man', which is based on Manjhi's life. In Olave Mandara, a Kannada film by Jayatheertha, Manjhi's deeds are referred to in the story, which inspires the young hero's love.

The First Episode of Season 2 of Aamir Khan hosted TV Show Satyamev Jayate, aired in March 2014, was dedicated to Dashrath Manjhi. Aamir Khan, who visited Gehlaur in Gaya ­district on Tuesday to pay homage to Dashrath Manjhi (also known as the Mountain Man) said he was truly inspired and moved by Manjhi's ­achievement. "I am trying to be like him (Dashrath Manjhi). He has shown that nothing is impossible. His story is one of conviction and courage. I draw immense inspiration from him."

 

He also met Bhagirath Manjhi and Basanti Devi, son and daughter-in-law of a man who single-handedly carved a mountain were in deep poverty. Aamir Khan and Rajesh Ranjan alias Pappu Yadav, former MP came forward to provide financial help to Bhagirath and Basanti. Pappu Yadav provided Rs.100,000 lakh in cash to them and also promised to provide Rs.10,000 every month. He said monthly financial help would be provided to Bhagirath and Basanti by Maa Maati, the voluntary organisation of his wife Ranjita Ranjan, also a former MP.

 

THIS IS WHAT I CALL A PERFECT LOVE STORY. NOT ONLY HE SHOWN HIS TRUE LOVE & FAITHFULNESS TOWARDS HIS WIFE, HE ALSO TRIED TO HELP MANKIND. THIS IS CALLED HUMANITY... A GOLDEN HEART OF AN INDIAN, A TRUE HINDU, whose act of courage and determination will inspire generations to come..

LETS SALUTE THIS MAN.

ANYWAYS ITS UPTO YOU GUYS TO CHOOSE THE BETTER LOVE STORY. AND ALSO IT PROVED THAT THERE IS NO FAME FOR POOR NO MATTER HOW BIG EXAMPLES HE SET. I THINK THIS IS THE REAL WONDER OF THE WORLD.

DON'T YOU THINK SO?

PLEASE LEAVE YOUR COMMENTS.

 

LINKS TO READ:-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjhi:_The_Mountain_Man
http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/ketan-mehta-manjhi-the-mountain-man-a-ray-of-hope-in-cynical-times-408069
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Dashrath-Manjhi-portrayed-as-poor-mans-Shah-Jahan-in-Ketan-Mehtas-film/articleshow/17149850.cms?referral=PM
http://www.tehelka.com/the-poor-mans-taj/
http://www.successstories.co.in/dashrath-manjhi-the-man-who-moved-a-mountain/
http://www.india.com/showbiz/satyamev-jayate-2-aamir-khan-visits-mountain-man-dashrath-manjhis-village-16714/
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-power-of-one-can-move-a-mountain-literally/article3700230.ece
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/bihar-gaya-man-singlehandedly-manages-to-pave-way-through-a-mountain/382828-3-232.html

PLEASE NOTE: YOU ARE FREE TO COPY MY POST, CONTENT ETC. BUT PLEASE GIVE PROPER CREDITS & A LINK TO MY BLOG.

The Rising Of My Mother India

INDIA - MY MOTHERLAND

* PLEASE NOTE THAT THE FACTS & POINTS ARE BEEN VERIFIED BY SOURCE & DIFFERENT METHODS OF KNOWLEDGE AT ITS BEST. ALL POINTS MENTIONED HERE ARE TRUE & GENUINE AS PER MY BELIEVE & BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, ALTHOUGH ERRORS MIGHT HAPPEN OR IF YOU FIND SOME POINTS MENTIONED HERE ARE UNTRUE, THEN PLEASE CHALLENGE THE FACTS WITH PROPER SOURCE & I WILL REMOVE THE POINTS OR MAKE THE CORRECTIONS. BUT I FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT YOU WONT DARE TO, BECAUSE ALL ARE TRUE & VERIFIED.

Here i start my day & this blog with my motherland, my country INDIA. Please read this post & be proud to be an INDIAN. Very soon we will be in the TOP of the WORLDS SUPER-POWERS LIST. We are growing & growing continuously with topping the chart of achievements. Many people might not know that how rapidly & how effectively India is growing. I also know few peoples around the world who thinks India is a poor country & mostly lives here are living in poverty. They also think that people here are uneducated & illiterates. What a rubbish! So here i am putting some facts that many peoples might not know, it would just like A slap for the people who think negative for India, and a reason to be proud for the people of India & our well wishers.

India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.

Origin of India name: The name “India” comes from the Indus River, which is where earliest settlers made their homes. The Indus valley is one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations.

The first and greatest civilization in ancient India developed around the valley of the Indus River around 3000 B.C. Called the Indus Valley civilization, this early empire was larger than any other empire, including Egypt and Mesopotamia.

When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)

Largest democracy: India, It is the world's largest democracy. and has one of the highest voter turn-outs in the world.

Peace loving: India has never invaded any country. It was invaded by other countries and rulers, including Alexander the Great, The Mughals, The British etc.

Only one execution took place in India – that of Mohammad Afzal Guru (TERRORIST) in February last year. READ MORE

DEFENSE - ARMY, NAVY, AIR-FORCE

INDIAN ARMED FORCES RANKED 3RD IN THE WORLD. IT CONSISTS OF ARMY, NAVY, AIR-FORCE & COAST GUARD.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_India




AIR-FORCE

WORLDS 4TH LARGEST AIR-FORCE IS OUR INDIAN AIR-FORCE. LEAVING BEHIND U.K, GERMANY, SOUTH KOREA, JAPAN ETC.

Motto "नभःस्पृशं दीप्तम्" ("Nabhaḥ spr̥śaṁ dīptam") "Touch the Sky with Glory

Size 127,000 personnel
Approx. 1,500 aircraft

Role Air superiority, reconnaissance,close air support

Website indianairforce.nic.in



A Westland Wapiti, one of the first aircraft of the Indian Air Force.


Refugees awaiting evacuation by IAF Dakota on Poonch airstrip, December 1947.


HAL HF-24 Marut, the first indigenous fighter jet to enter service with the IAF.
After gaining independence from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of India and Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force. The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra

IAF An-32s were used to airdrop humanitarian supplies in Operation Poomalai.


IAF Beriev A-50EI Mainstay AWACS.


Sukhoi Su-30 MKI.


HAL Tejas, being developed by India.


Il-76 of the Indian Air Force lands inLeh, Ladakh.


Newly acquired Boeing C-17 Globemaster III being tested atEdwards Air Force Base.


IAF BAE Hawk Mk 132.


IAF Mil Mi-35 Hind Akbar


Indian Air Force HAL Dhruv


HAL HJT-16 Kirans of the Surya Kiran display team flying in formation.


A MiG-29K of the Indian Navy in flight over Indian islands


The Mig-29 Ks to be stationed on the INS Vikramaditya


A Sea Harrier takes off from INS Viraat


A Boeing P-8I of the Indian Navy


A Tu-142 of the Indian Navy


Dhruv of the Indian Navy


A Sea King assigned to the destroyer INS Mumbai.


HAL Tejas naval variant will be similar to the Tejas trainer variant.


NAL Saras


Sea Harrier landing on aircraft carrier INS Viraat.


HAL Chetak from INS Rana

RANK-4 , the Indian Air Force is massive, with an estimated 127,000 personnel looking after the aircraft. India can even assemble its own aircraft, producing hundreds of Sukhoi Su-30MKI air superiority fighters.- SOURCE


THESE ARE THE FEW EXAMPLES OF OUR AIR-FORCE, PLENTY ARE THERE....
YOU CAN READ- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Naval_Air_Arm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Force

NAVY

Branch Navy
Size 58,350 active personnel
181 ships
250 aircraft
Satellites:GSAT-7
Part of Ministry of Defence
Indian Armed Forces
Headquarters New Delhi
Motto

शं नो वरुणः Transliteration: Sham No Varunah(May the Lord of the Oceans be auspicious unto us)


Aircraft flown

Attack- Mikoyan MiG-29K, BAE Sea Harrier

Electronic warfare- Dornier Do 228

Fighter- Mikoyan MiG-29K, BAE Sea Harrier

Helicopter- HAL Dhruv, Kamov Ka-28,Kamov Ka-31, Sea King Mk.42C,UH-3 Sea King

Patrol- Boeing P-8 Poseidon Ilyushin Il-38,

Reconnaissance- Dornier Do 228, IAI Heron, IAI Searcher Mk II

Trainer- BAE Hawk, HAL HJT-16, Harrier T-60

The Indian Navy is one of the largest navies in the world, and as of 2014 possesses 2 aircraft carriers, one amphibious transport dock, 9 Landing ship tanks, 9 destroyers, 15 frigates, one nuclear-powered attack submarine, 14 conventionally-powered attack submarines, 25 corvettes, 7 mine countermeasure vessels, 10 large offshore patrol vessels, 4 fleet tankers and various auxiliary vessels and small patrol boats.

Besides the following navy ships, the Indian Coast Guard operates around 90 - 100 armed patrol ships of various sizes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Indian_Navy_ships
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navy

  

  

  

  

  

Somalian pirates grabbed by the Indian Navy.







Aircraft carrier INS Vikrant (R11)during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. It played a crucial role in enforcing the naval blockade on East Pakistan and ensuring India's victory during the war.



Indian Naval doctor examines a patient.



Indian Navy flotilla including aircraft carrier INS Viraat escorting INSVikramaditya on its way home in 2014



INS Chakra the nuclear attack submarine of the Indian Navy


Nuclear-powered submarines (1 in Service)
Conventionally-powered submarines (14 in Service)
Nuclear-powered submarines (4 under construction)




INS Tarangini is the only sail training ship in the Indian Navy and is an icon of India's rich maritime history.



India plans to build seven Project 17A-class frigates



ARMY

Type Army
Size 1,129,900 active personnel
960,000 reserve personnel
158 aircraft
Part of Ministry of Defence
Indian Armed Forces
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Motto Service Before Self


It is one of the largest standing armies in the world, with 1,325,900 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipment_of_the_Indian_Army
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army


French postcard depicting the arrival of 15th Sikh Regiment in France during World War I. The postcard reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten the German hooligans".


An Indian soldier with the flag ofNazi Germany after German surrender during World War II


Major General El Edroos (at right) offers his surrender of the Hyderabad State Forces to Major General (later General and Army Chief) Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri atSecunderabad


The Indian Chief of Army Staff, Gen. Pran Thapar (far right) with deposed Governor General of Portuguese India Manuel António Vassalo e Silva (seated centre) at a POW facility in Vasco Da Gama, Goa


Tanks of 18th Cavalry of the Indian Army attacking Pakistani positions during the 1965 war.


Indian Army personnel celebrate victory at the end Battle of Basantar on top of a knocked out Pakistani Patton tank.


The BM-30 Smerch 9A52-2T MRL is a crucial component of the Indian Army's strike capabilities.


Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launchers were used during theKargil War


Camouflaged Indian Army soldiers carrying INSAS Rifle (right) and a Dragunov Sniper rifle





INDIA to become real military superpower.

India will join the five countries that possess long range air-to-air missile developing technology.




On Sunday, India’s Air Force successfully tested its first Astra air-to-air missile from a Sukhoi-30 MKI fighter jet. At present, Russia, China, the U.S. and France produce missiles capable of hitting air targets beyond visual range, 90-120 kilometers. Russia will supply India with BraMos class air-to-ground missiles by the end of the year. They have been produced and underwent the entire cycle of tests in Russia. At the same time, India has developed an aviation launching system for these missiles. India plans to equip over 40 30MKI fighter jets with these missiles. The fighter jets will be modernized to launch BraMos missiles. Source



The Indian Army carried out a successful test on Friday of its Advanced Air Defense (AAD) anti-ballistic missile interceptor, IANS reported. The AAD missile, fired from the Wheeler test range in the Bay of Bengal in Orissa state, hit a test target launched from India's Chandipur launch facility, also in Orissa. The army did not disclose what kind of rocket was intercepted. Indian specialists are working on development of a national missile defense system, part of which will consist of interceptor missiles, India says. SOURCE

Read more: http://indian.ruvr.ru/2014_05_05/India-military-super-power/
Read more: http://indian.ruvr.ru/2014_05_05/India-military-super-power/

IMPOSSIBLE TO MENTION ALL, PLEASE READ THESE LINKS BELOW-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equipment_of_the_Indian_Army
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army


INDIAN COAST GUARD- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guard

ROADS , TRANSPORT , TRAVEL & TOURISM ETC.

Trains: India has the world’s second largest train network, and it is the largest civilian employer in the world.

Indian Railways has total 1.4 million employees which is equivalent to the entire population of many countries such as Trinidad and Tobago, Estonia, Mauritius, Bahrain, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Vatican City and more. I have only mentioned a few countries names here not all.

Roads: The world’s 2nd largest road network is in India.

Navigation: The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'.

Largest Planned Township On Planet : ‘Navi Mumbai’. It is the largest planned township on the planet which was developed in 1972.

Mega-cities : India has three of the world's top twenty mega-cities.

According to the UN, Delhi is now the second-largest urban agglomeration in the world, with Mumbai ranked seventh and Calcutta tenth.

Six other Indian cities - Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune and Surat - feature in the UN's top 100 urban agglomerations.

The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.

One of the world's highest motorable road is Khardung La, in Ladakh. It is at an altitude of 5,682 meters.

India has the second largest network of paved highways, after the U.S.

Grand Anicut, one of the oldest bridges in the world is in India.

Varanasi: Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.

Worlds Largest postal system: With 1,55,618+ post offices and over 5,66,000+ employees, India has the largest postal network in the world.

India ranks 3rd in the world as the fastest growing tourism industries over the next decade, by WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL

EDUCATION , WORK, JOB, EMPLOYMENT, BUSINESS ETC.

Invented zero: A commonly known, but not to be neglected India fact is that the number and concept of zero was invented and documented first by Indians.

Maths: Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies which originated in India.

The trigonometric functions of sine and versine, from which it was trivial to derive the cosine, were used by the mathematician, Aryabhata, in the late 5th century. The calculus theorem now known as "Rolle's theorem" was stated by mathematician, Bhāskara II, in the 12th century.

Value of PI: The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.

Madhava of Sangamagrama (c. 1340 – 1425) and his Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics developed and founded mathematical analysis. The infinite series for π was stated by him and he made use of the series expansion of to obtain an infinite series expression, now known as the Madhava-Gregory series, for . Their rational approximation of the error for the finite sum of their series are of particular interest. They manipulated the error term to derive a faster converging series for . They used the improved series to derive a rational expression, for correct up to nine decimal places, i.e. . The development of the series expansions for trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, and arc tangent) was carried out by mathematicians of the Kerala School in the 15th century CE. Their work, completed two centuries before the invention of calculus in Europe, provided what is now considered the first example of a power series (apart from geometric series)

Even before Jesus Christ born, the 'place value system' and the decimal system was used in India. The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C.

Worlds First University: The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects.

The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.

Worlds Largest Montessori School: The world’s largest Montessori school is in India, THE CITY MONTESSORI SCHOOL (CMS) , taking the crown from RIZAL HIGH SCHOOL, MANILA. In 2012 its enrollment has reached over 45,000 pupils, a world record. In 2002 CMS was awarded the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education, the first school in the world to be honored in that manner, in recognition of its efforts "to promote the universal values of education for peace and tolerance at a time when these values are increasingly being challenged.

READ - The world’s biggest school: 47,000 pupils in 1,000 classrooms run by 3,800 staff in India

ALSO NOTE- South Point group of schools IN KOLKATA, INDIA, consisting of the junior and senior divisions, made an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest educational institute in the world in 1984 till 1994. SOURCE- WIKIPEDIA , THE TELEGRAPH

Multi-lingual: There are 1,652 dialects and languages spoken in India. It is not at all unusual for an Indian to speak at least two and often more languages well.

English speakers: Because so many Indians speak English, India has the largest population of English speakers in the world.

India sends more students to U.S. colleges than any country in the world. In 2004-2005, over 80,000 Indian students entered the U.S. China sent only 65,000 students during the same time.

India is expected to overtake the US as the country with most Facebook users in 2014, Currently India has the 2nd highest Facebook Users & very close to US. source - ARAB NEWS

As of 2010, Indian-Americans had a median household income of $88,000 -- higher than the figure for all Asian-Americans as a group ($66,000) and almost double the figure of all U.S. households ($49,800). 70% of adult Indian-Americans have earned at least a bachelor's degree -- almost three times the figure for Americans as a whole 28% ONLY. Only 9 percent of adult Indian Americans live in poverty -- versus 13 percent of local Americans. More than 300,000 Indian-Americans work in the field of information Technology, while another 200,000 are millionaires, according to data from Merrill Lynch. On the whole, Indian-Americans have an aggregate purchasing power of at least $25 billion (a figure larger than scores of whole countries’ GDPs). SOURCE - INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TIMES

Nina Davuluri (indian) Wins U.S. Beauty Crown: Face It, America, Indians Are Just Smarter, More Successful (And Better Looking) Than You. READ MORE

Indians are clearly the latest and greatest “model.” In 2007, the median income of households headed by an Indian American was approximately $83,000, compared with $61,000 for East Asians and $55,000 for whites. About 69% of Indian Americans age 25 and over have four-year college degrees, which dwarfs the rates of 51% and 30% achieved by East Asians and whites, respectively. Indian Americans are also less likely to be poor or in prison, compared with whites. The superior educational attainment, academic culture and likely high IQ of Indian Americans has already made them an economic force in the U.S., and that strength can only grow. ACCORDING TO FORBES
According to new research published by the BBC, Indians remain the UK's most successful. READ MORE
Software: India is one of the largest exporter of computer software products. It exports software to over 90 countries.

IT: The Pentium chip and Hotmail were created by Indians—Vinod Dahm and Sabeer Bhatia respectively. The Indian IT population is growing and is highly sought after all over the world.

Outsourcing: Half of the outsourced IT services in the world come from India.

One quarter of the work force: It’s estimated that in the next two to three years, 25% of people entering the workforce will be Indian.

Indians hold prominent places both internationally and in the United States. For example, the co-founder of Sun Micro-systems (Vinod Khosla), the creator of the Pentium chip (Vinod Dahm), the founder/creator of Hotmail (Sabeer Bhatia), and the GM of Hewlett-Packard (Rajiv Gupta) are all Indian.

India has the second-largest pool of scientists and engineers in the world.

The 2nd largest number of scientists and engineers in the world, are in India.

The biggest and the largest employer in the world is Indian railways employing over a million people.

India has the largest number of news channel in the world. It is the fastest growing telecom market in the world and has the lowest call rates on earth.

India's working-age population will increase by 240 million over the next two decades, according to Deutsche Bank.

Nearly 49% of the high-tech start-ups in silicon Valley and Washington, D.C. are owned by Indians or Indian-Americans.

ECONOMY, PRODUCTION, FOOD, EXPORT, IMPORT ETC.

Diamonds: Until 1986, the only place where diamonds had been officially found was in India.

Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world
(Source: Gemological Institute of America).

Gold: India is still the largest buyer of gold in the world. Gold is an important part of Indian culture, including gifts for weddings and other major events or festivals.

Billions: India is home to 122 billionaires. Knight Frank Wealth Report 2013 has reported that this number is going to double in the next 10 years.

Millions: There are over a million Indian millionaires.

Economy 2014: India is now the worlds 3rd Largest Economy - surpassing Japan.

India’s Rs 77 trillion banking industry has 87 scheduled commercial banks, 26 public sector banks, 20 private banks and 41 foreign banks.

India is one of the fastest growing retail markets in the world. One of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value, the retail industry is estimated to be $450 billion.
Board of Control for Cricket in India, or BCCI, is the apex governing body for cricket in India is the richest body in world cricket.

India has the highest consumer confidence in the world, according to the global Consumer Confidence Index, created by research firm Nielsen. READ MORE

India lead global remittances in the year 2013 with a whopping USD 70 billion in its kitty, the World Bank reported Friday. India's neighbor China follows second with USD 60 billion, said the World Bank report. READ MORE
India now ranks first in the world for exports of generic drugs, with a trade worth 50,000 billion rupees a year. READ MORE

The largest oil refinery in the world is the Jamnagar Refinery in Gujarat, with a daily capacity of 668,000 barrels.

India is the largest manufacturer of cycles worldwide.

Cotton: Indian cotton was well known; some of the earliest cotton came from India. Roman and Mongol royalty wore Indian cotton, known for being light and airy.

Roman emperors would wear delicate cotton from India that they would call “woven winds.” Mogul emperors called the fabrics “morning dew” and “cloth of running water.
Largest Beans Producer: India produces more dried beans than any other nation on earth. This includes a variety of legumes such as the kidney bean and chick peas as well as a variety of lentils.

Bananas: Another top export from India is bananas. No other country exports as many bananas, not even Brazil, which is second.

Largest Producer of milk: Because India’s pastoral community is heavily dependent on milk, India has become the largest producer of milk in the world.

Largest Tea producer: Chai, or tea is drunk widely in India. India produce more tea than any other country in the world, exporting to countries all over the world.

India is the world's biggest producer and consumer of mangoes. More than 40% of the world's annual output of mangoes are grown in India, far ahead of the competition from China, Thailand and Bangladesh.

India ranks second worldwide in farm output. India is the largest producer in the world of milk, jute and pulses.
India inaugurates first ever Women s only BANK, The bank, fully owned by the government, started with an initial funding of 10 billion rupees ($161 million) and an all-women board comprising eight members. READ MORE.

Vegetarian: India has the largest amount of vegetarians in the world.

http://mobizen.in/the-rise-of-india-as-an-app-superpower/

India now has become the only country in the world with Legislated CSR. With the implementation of the new company law from April 1, India has become the only country in the world with legislated corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a spending threshold of up to $2.5 billion (Rs15,000 crore) . The new law mandates that all companies, including foreign firms, with a minimum net worth of Rs 500 crore, turnover of Rs1,000 crore and net profit of at least Rs 5 crore, spend at least two percent of their profit on CSR. READ MORE.

INDIA tops Canada as 4th Largest Country in the World, growing GM crops, READ MORE

MEDICINE, SCIENCE, KNOWLEDGE , SPORTS & GAMES ETC.

Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.


Cataract in the Human Eye—magnified view seen on examination with a slit lamp. Indian surgeon Susruta performed cataract surgery by the 6th century BCE . Even Before Jesus Christ Was Born.

Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over 2600 years ago Sushrata & his team-conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.

Cataract surgery: Cataract surgery was known to the Indian physician Sushruta (6th century BCE). In India, cataract surgery was performed with a special tool called the Jabamukhi Salaka, a curved needle used to loosen the lens and push the cataract out of the field of vision. The eye would later be soaked with warm butter and then bandaged. Though this method was successful, Susruta cautioned that cataract surgery should only be performed when absolutely necessary. Greek philosophers and scientists traveled to India where these surgeries were performed by physicians. The removal of cataract by surgery was also introduced into China from India.

Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts.


Amastigotes in a chorionic villus.Upendranath Brahmachari (19 December 1873–February 6, 1946) discovered Urea Stibamine, a treatment which helped nearly eradicate Visceral leishmaniasis.
Visceral leishmaniasis, treatment of: The Indian (Bengali) medical practitioner Upendra Nath Brahmachari (19 December 1873 – 6 February 1946) was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929 for his discovery of 'ureastibamine (antimonial compound for treatment of kala azar) and a new disease, post-kalaazar dermal leishmanoid. Brahmachari's cure for Visceral leishmaniasis was the urea salt of para-amino-phenyl stibnic acid which he called Urea Stibamine. Following the discovery of Urea Stibamine, Visceral leishmaniasis was largely eradicated from the world, except for some underdeveloped regions.

Lithiasis treatment: The earliest operation for treating lithiasis, or the formations of stones in the body, is also given in the Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE). The operation involved exposure and going up through the floor of the bladder.

Plastic surgery: Plastic surgery was being carried out in India by 2000 BCE. The system of punishment by deforming a miscreant's body may have led to an increase in demand for this practice. The surgeon Sushruta contributed mainly to the field of plastic and cataract surgery. The medical works of both Sushruta and Charak were translated into Arabic language during the Abbasid Caliphate (750 CE). These translated Arabic works made their way into Europe via intermediaries. In Italy the Branca family of Sicily and Gaspare Tagliacozzi of Bologna became familiar with the techniques of Sushruta.

Cure for Leprosy: Kearns & Nash (2008) state that the first mention of leprosy is described in the Indian medical treatise Sushruta Samhita (6th century BCE). However, The Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine holds that the mention of leprosy, as well as ritualistic cures for it, were described in the Atharva-veda (1500–1200 BCE), written before the Sushruta Samhita.

Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine: Ayurveda and Siddha are ancient and traditional systems of medicine. Ayurveda dates back to Iron Age India (1st millennium BC) and still practiced today as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. It means "knowledge for longevity". Siddha medicine is mostly prevalent in South India. Herbs and minerals are basic raw materials of the Siddha system which dates back to the period of siddha saints around 5th century BC.

Anesthesia was used in Indian medicine long before it was adopted into modern medicine.

India’s contribution to scientific research and innovation has been constantly rising since 2000 according to a study. The number of articles published in global science journals by Indians has increased from around 17000 in 2001 to more than 27000 in 2007.

Dr M.C. Modi holds the world record for performing maximum eye operations @ 40 operations per hour.

Yoga: One of the more known India facts is yoga. Originating in India, yoga is now a world-wide form of exercise and relaxation. Meditation and stretches are an integral part of yoga.

Martial arts: Many martial arts have their origins in India. There were said to have been spread throughout Asia by traveling monks.


Bengali Chemist Prafulla Chandra Roy synthesized NH4NO2 in its pure form.Ammonium nitrite, synthesis in pure form: Prafulla Chandra Roy synthesized NH4NO2 in its pure form, and became the first scientist to have done so. Prior to Ray’s synthesis of Ammonium nitrite it was thought that the compound undergoes rapid thermal decomposition releasing nitrogen and water in the process.

Ashtekar variables: In theoretical physics, Ashtekar (new) variables, named after Abhay Ashtekar who invented them, represent an unusual way to rewrite the metric on the three-dimensional spatial slices in terms of a SU(2) gauge fieldand its complementary variable. Ashtekar variables are the key building block of loop quantum gravity.

Bhatnagar-Mathur Magnetic Interference Balance: Invented jointly byShanti Swarup Bhatnagar and K.N. Mathur in 1928, the so-called 'Bhatnagar-Mathur Magnetic Interference Balance' was a modern instrument used for measuring various magnetic properties. The first appearance of this instrument in Europe was at a Royal Society exhibition in London, where it was later marketed by British firm Messers Adam Hilger and Co, London.

Bhabha scattering: In 1935, Indian nuclear physicist Homi J. Bhabha published a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, in which he performed the first calculation to determine the cross section of electron-positron scattering. Electron-positron scattering was later named Bhabha scattering, in honor of his contributions in the field.


Bose–Einstein statistics, condensate and Boson: On 4 June 1924 the Bengali professor of Physics Satyendra Nath Bose mailed a short manuscript to Albert Einstein entitled Planck's Law and the Light Quantum Hypothesisseeking Einstein's influence to get it published after it was rejected by the prestigious journal Philosophical Magazine. The paper introduced what is today called Bose statistics, which showed how it could be used to derive the Planck blackbody spectrum from the assumption that light was made of photons. Einstein, recognizing the importance of the paper translated it into German himself and submitted it on Bose's behalf to the prestigious Zeitschrift für Physik. Einstein later applied Bose's principles on particles with mass and quickly predicted the Bose-Einstein condensate.

Braunstein-Ghosh-Severini Entropy: Named after Sibasish Ghosh and his team-mates, Samuel L. Braunstein and Simone Severini.

Chandrasekhar limit and Chandrasekhar number: Discovered by and named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his work on stellar structure and stellar evolution.

Galena, applied use in electronics of: Bengali scientist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose effectively used Galena crystals for constructing radio receivers. The Galena receivers of Bose were used to receive signals consisting of shortwave,white light and ultraviolet light. In 1904 Bose patented the use of Galena Detector which he called Point Contact Diode using Galena.

Mahalanobis distance: Introduced in 1936 by the Indian (Bengali) statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (29 June 1893–June 28, 1972), this distance measure, based upon the correlation between variables, is used to identify and analyze differing pattern with respect to one base.
Kosambi-Karhunen-Loève theorem: Also known as the Karhunen–Loève theorem. The Kosambi-Karhunen-Loève theorem is a representation of a stochastic process as an infinite linear combination of orthogonal functions, analogous to a Fourier series representation of a function on a bounded interval. Stochastic processes given by infinite series of this form were first considered by Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi.

Mercurous Nitrite: The compound mercurous nitrite was discovered in 1896 by the Bengali chemist Prafulla Chandra Roy, who published his findings in the Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal. The discovery contributed as a base for significant future research in the field of chemistry.

Ramachandran plot, Ramachandran map, and Ramachandran angles: The Ramachandran plot and Ramachandran map were developed by Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran, who published his results in the Journal of Molecular Biology in 1963. He also developed the Ramachandran angles, which serve as a convenient tool for communication, representation, and various kinds of data analysis.

Raman effect: The Encyclopædia Britannica (2008) reports: "change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules. The phenomenon is named for Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, who discovered it in 1928. When a beam of light traverses a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound, a small fraction of the light emerges in directions other than that of the incident (incoming) beam. Most of this scattered light is of unchanged wavelength. A small part, however, has wavelengths different from that of the incident light; its presence is a result of the Raman effect."

Raychaudhuri equation: Discovered by the Bengali physicist Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri in 1954. This was a key ingredient of the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems of general relativity.


Saha ionization equation: The Saha equation, derived by the Bengali scientist Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) in 1920, conceptualizes ionizations in context of stellar atmospheres.


Iron working: Iron works were developed in the Vedic period of India, around the same time as, but independently of,Anatolia and the Caucasus. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in present day Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE—1200 BCE. Early iron objects found in India can be dated to 1400 BCE by employing the method of radiocarbon dating. Spikes, knives, daggers,arrow-heads, bowls, spoons, saucepans, axes, chisels, tongs, door fittings etc. ranging from 600 BCE to 200 BCE have been discovered from several archaeological sites of India. Some scholars believe that by the early 13th century BC, iron smelting was practiced on a bigger scale in India, suggesting that the date the technology's inception may be placed earlier. In Southern India (present day Mysore) iron appeared as early as 11th to 12th centuries BC; these developments were too early for any significant close contact with the northwest of the country. In the time of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–413 CE), corrosion-resistant iron was used to erect the Iron pillar of Delhi, which has withstood corrosion for over 1,600 years.

The iron pillar of Delhi (375–413 CE). The first iron pillar was the Iron pillar of Delhi, erected at the times of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya.

The first ever fingerprint bureau in the world was started in Calcutta.India in the year 1897.

Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.

India has the largest number of biomass gasifier systems in the world producing over 656 mega watts (MW) of power; and still has the potential of producing over 30000 mega watts of power.

India was the first country to be accorded the status of a Pioneer Investor in 1987 and was allocated an exclusive area in the central Indian Ocean by the UN for exploration and utilisation of resources.

On 28 April 2008, a world record was set when India’s Polar rocket successfully placed ten satellites, including the country’s remote sensing satellite, into orbit in a single mission.

"We want to thank ISRO for making the discovery possible. The moon till now was thought to be a very dry surface with lot of rocks." Jim Green, NASA Director.

IEEE has proved what has been a century old suspicion in the world scientific community that the pioneer of wireless communication was Prof. Jagdish Bose and not Marconi.

Besides the US and Japan, India is only other country in the world to have ingenuously built a supercomputer.

India invested US$3.7 billion in science and technology in 2002–2003. For comparison, China invested about four times more than India, while the United States invested approximately 75 times more than India on science and technology. Despite this, five Indian Institutes of Technology were listed among the top 10 science and technology schools in Asia by Asiaweek.

In India, several traditional indigenous sports remain fairly popular, such as kabaddi, kho kho, pehlwani and gilli-danda. Some of the earliest forms of Asian martial arts, such as kalarippayattu, musti yuddha, silambam, and marma adi, originated in India.
Chess: Chaturanga—Sanskrit, meaning “four members of an army” was invented in India. Now known all over the world, chess had its beginnings in India.

Snakes and Ladders: The game of Snakes and Ladders also originated in India, with the lesson being of virtue vs. vices.

Board of Control for Cricket in India, or BCCI, is the apex governing body for cricket in India is the richest body in world cricket.

Field hockey in India is administered by Hockey India. The Indian national hockey team won the 1975 Hockey World Cup and have, as of 2012, taken eight gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals, making it the sport's most successful team in the Olympics.

India has traditionally been the dominant country at the South Asian Games. An example of this dominance is the basketball competition where Team India won three out of four tournaments to date.

The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh, India. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
Shocking, But True- In The Top 20 Biggest Cricket Grounds In The Worlds List, 14 Biggest Grounds Of The World Is In INDIA & From The Top 10 List Of The Biggest Grounds In The World, 8 belongs to INDIA. SOURCE- WIKIPEDIA

IPL is the most-watched Twenty20 cricket league in the world and also known for its commercial success. Will the Indian Premier League become the most valuable sporting brand in the world?

The UK-based brand consultancy, Brand Finance, has valued the IPL at $4.13 Billion in 2010
sources - Wikipedia . The Telegraph Uk , The Economic Times

PepsiCo took over title sponsorship for five years valued at ₹3968 million, and also exclusive beverage supplier for the IPL teams in the 2013 season.

Kingfisher Airlines as the official umpire partner for the series in a 1.06 billion(US$18 million) (approximately £15 million) deal. This deal sees the McDowells No.1 brand on all umpires' uniforms and also on the giant screens during third umpire decisions.

Other sponsorships include, a deal with Hero Honda worth $22.5 million, with PepsiCo worth $12.5 million, and a deal with Kingfisher at $26.5 million.

The record deal has a duration of ten years at a cost of US$1.026 billion. As part of the deal, the consortium will pay the BCCI US$918 million for the television broadcast rights and US$108 million for the promotion of the tournament.

After losing the battle in court, Sony Entertainment Television signed a new contract with BCCI with Sony Entertainment Television paying 87 billion (US$1.4 billion) for 10 years.

24 January 2008. While the total base price for auction was US$400 million, the auction fetched US$723.59 million.

On 21 March 2010, The base price was $225 million. While Pune was bought by Sahara Adventure Sports Group for $370 million, the Kochi franchise was bought by Rendezvous Sports World Limited for $333.3 million. The second franchise auction fetched total $703 million.

IPL became the first sporting event to be broadcast live on YouTube.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League

OTHERS

Highest peaks: The Himalaya includes the highest peak in the world—Everest. The mountain range stretches about 1,500 miles long and is over 23,600 ft at its highest.

Mangrove: The Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangroves in the world.

Ganges River Dolphin: Another little known fact about India is this species of dolphin, which includes 2 subspecies and is the only blind dolphin in the world.

Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located in Bhagalpur District of Bihar, India. The sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganges River from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon. Designated in 1991, it is the only protected area for the endangered Gangetic dolphins in Asia.

Dancing Frogs Discovered In India. Read More At - SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN

India is the only country in the World with both Lions & Tigers. source- National Geographic

Largest Movie Industry : India has the worlds largest movie industry, it produces twice as many as the American film industry and ten times as many as Britain produces.

Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $1.86 billion (Rs 93 billion) in 2011. This is projected to rise to $3 billion (Rs 150 billion) in 2016. SOURCE - THE HOLLYWOOD REPORTER , WIKIPEDIA

India is the world's largest producer of films. In 2009, India produced a total of 2961 films.


WORLDS LARGEST 3D-SCREEN THEATRE : Prasads IMAX Theatre located at Hyderabad, is the world's largest 3D-IMAX screen, and also the most attended screen in the world. SOURCE - WIKIPEDIA , TRAVEL CNN , GIZMODO

Worlds Largest Film Studio : Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad, INDIA is the largest film studio in the world & entered Guinness Book Of World Records. The studio comprised 47 sound stages. Spread over 1,666 acres of land. SOURCE - BUSINESS LINE , WIKIPEDIA

ALSO READ - INDIA BUILDS ASIA'S LARGEST FILM SCHOOL

RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY

The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.

The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome Vatican or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
Religious gathering: The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher Festival) is a huge Hindu religious festival that takes place in India every 12 years. In 2001, 60 million people attended, breaking the record for the world’s biggest gathering. The mass of people was photographed from space by a satellite.

Lotus Temple: Made from white marble, this temple has 27 free-standing “petals”. The structure is widely recognized for its artistic value as well as a Baha’i place of worship

Humayun’s tomb: A little known fact about India is that the first garden-tomb in the world was built in India.

The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.

Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.

Kesariya – Location of the world's largest Buddhist Stupa is in India.

India has the third largest population of Muslims in the world.

Mosques: Home to more mosques than any other country in the world;

There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.

The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu. The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.

The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively.

Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively

SOME OTHER FACTS THAT WILL MAKE YOU PROUD

The first ever dam and reservoir for irrigation purposes was built in Saurashtra. The world's longest man-made dam is Hirakud Dam.

India is the world’s second largest producer of small cars.

It is the largest newspaper market in the world.

he most expensive home in the world, 'Antilia', worth a billion dollars, and owned by Mukesh Ambani, is in Mumbai.

World’s largest electronic ID program is underway in India.

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act or NREGA, an Indian job guarantee scheme, enacted by legislation on August 25, 2005 is the largest ever – public employment programme visualized in human history.

The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India, is the largest school lunch programme in the world, covering 12 million children.

Jaipur (India) hosts the world’s widest concrete building. It has a reinforced concrete cement (RCC) flat roof with a single span of 119 feet.

By volume of pills produced, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is the world’s second largest after China.

ISRO has tested the third biggest solid rocket motot in the world after booster rocket of NASA’s space shuttle and Arianespace’s Ariane-5 launch vehicle.

India is to be the first international customer of the Boeing P-81 Poseidon variant of the P-8A Poseidon.

India has been ranked the second most-optimistic nation in the world in consumer confidence, according to a survey by global consultancy firm, Nielson.

Volunteers in Dungarpur, India planted 600,000 trees in 24 hours under the guidance of Indian Forestry Service which is a world record.

India is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS.

The world's highest radio station, All India Radio, is situated in Leh.

The highest post office in the world is in Spiti Valley in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

Fastest Calculation Shakuntala Devi (Human Computer), Calculations made by her were faster than a computer.

An Indian man claims he hasn't eaten or drunk for 70 years. After many tests, doctors still don't know how it's possible.

With 1,300.000 active personnel and 1,800,000 reserve ones, the Indian Army is the world’s second largest army in terms of military personnel, and the largest in terms of active manpower.

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, India ranks third behind the USA and the UK in the number of records claimed each year.

India is more obsessed with breaking records than any other country. Not something that I can prove with official sources, but I am pretty sure it is true. - SOURCE - BBC NEWS
India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.

Several media publications and academics have discussed the Republic of India's potential of becoming a superpower. Newsweek , Realtruth.org and the International Herald Tribune join several academics in discussing India's potential of becoming a superpower.

Founder and President of the Economic Strategy Institute and former counselor to the Secretary of Commerce in the Reagan Administration Clyde V. Prestowitz Jr. has predicted that "It is going to be India's century. India is going to be the biggest economy in the world. It is going to be the biggest superpower of the 21st century. source- Rediff

A map showing the United States as the current superpower and the three other political entities with the most academic support of achieving superpower status in the 21st century.
United States
China
European Union
India


Indians abroad (please note that this data is constantly rising with more and more people getting recruited abroad each month to year)

* 38% of Doctors in America are Indians.
* 12% of Scientists in America are Indians.
* 36% of NASA employees are Indians.
* 34% of Microsoft employees are Indians.
* 28% of IBM employees are Indians.
* 17% of Intel employees are Indians.
* 13% of Xerox employees are Indians.

Famous Quotes About India

We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made.- Albert Einstein

India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive material in the history of man are treasured up only in India.- Mark Twain

If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India.- Romain Rolland

India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border.- Hu Shih

If I were asked under what sky the human mind has most fully developed some of its choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solutions, I should point to India.- Max Mueller

India was the mother of our race and Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages. She was the mother of our philosophy, mother through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics, mother through Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity, mother through village communities of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.- Will Durant

When I die, India will be found engraved on my heart.- Queen Mary


Each year India and China produce four million graduates compared with just over 250,000 in Britain.- Gordon Brown

"We want to thank ISRO for making the discovery possible. The moon till now was thought to be a very dry surface with lot of rocks." Jim Green, NASA Director.

"It [The Upanishads] is the most satisfying and elevating reading which is possible in the world; it has been the solace of my life and will be the solace of my death." Arthur Schopenhauer.

"India - the land of Vedas, the remarkable works contain not only religious ideas for a perfect life, but also facts which science has proved true. Electricity, radium, electronics, airship, all were known to the seers who founded the Vedas."Wheeler Wilcox.

"Gravitation was known to the Indians before the birth of Newton. The system of blood circulation was discovered by them centuries before Harvey was heard of." P. Johnstone.
"The inventor (J.C. Bose) has transmitted signals to a distance of nearly a mile and herein lies the first and obvious and exceedingly valuable application of this new theoretical marvel." The Daily Chronicle, England, 1896.
'In the whole history of mathematics, there has been no more revolutionary step than the one which India made when they invented zero." Lancelot Hogben.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoveries
http://www.famousscientists.org/15-famous-indian-scientists-inventions/
http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/India
http://www.thetoptens.com/countries/india-21357.asp
http://www.forbes.com/2007/08/05/india-jews-antisemitism-oped-cx_gw_0813jews.html
http://www.isvmag.com/03/11/country-spotlight-india-ancient-india-and-its-contributions-to-the-world/4100